The detailed steps of cellular respiration in plants are given below. As this stage is aerobic, it does need oxygen. This process yields a lot of ATP for the plant to use for growth and reproduction. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide is formed, and electrons are removed and placed into an electron transport system. ![]() Next, the pyruvate molecules get rearranged and fuse over again in a cycle. This is an anaerobic process called glycolysis. The Process of Cellular Respiration in PlantsĪt its initial stage, the glucose molecule is split into two smaller molecules (called pyruvate), liberating a small amount of energy in the form of ATP that transforms glucose. Thus, this is a wasteful process as it does not produce ATP or NADPH. It is initiated in chloroplasts and involves the loss of already fixed carbon as CO 2. Photorespiration is a metabolic pathway found in photosynthetic cells of higher plants, occurring only in sunlight using energy. In this procedure, carbon dioxide is released at various steps, while oxygen is consumed only in the step of terminal oxidation. The three steps of dark respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and terminal oxidation. It is carried out in all aerobic tissues and takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. ![]() In plants, two additional types of respiration take place depending on the presence or absence of light: dark respiration and photorespiration.ĭark respiration is light-independent, i.e., it occurs whether light is present or absent. Anaerobic respiration involves partial oxidization of glucose forming ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as end products. The chemical reaction is given below:Ĭ 6H 12O 6 + 6O 2 -> 6CO 2 + 6H 2O + energy (as ATP)Īnaerobic Respiration:It occurs in the cell cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen. It involves the Krebs cycle, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. It involves the complete oxidization of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy (36 ATP).Īerobic respiration is the primary source of energy for plants, occurring in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Respiration in plants is categorized mainly into two types based on the presence or absence of oxygen.Īerobic Respiration: This type of respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. However, in the case of woody plants, lenticels, a specialized group of loosely packed cells, are present on the stem, which helps exchange O 2 and CO 2. Small herbaceous plants have stomata in their soft stems, allowing the exchange of respiratory gases by diffusion. Thus, respiration in the plant’s roots occurs by the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through root hairs. The gaseous byproduct of respiration, i.e., carbon dioxide, is expelled by the same root hair by diffusion. ![]() From the air spaces in soil, the oxygen diffuses into the root hair, and from there, it reaches all the other cells of the root where respiration occurs. Root hair, an extension of the epidermal cells of a root, comes in direct contact with the soil. They absorb air from the spaces between the soil particles. The underground parts of the plant, i.e., the roots, also require energy for their survival. The opening and closing of stomatal pores during the exchange of gases are regulated by the guard cells. Carbon dioxide produced during respiration also gets diffused through stomata and moves out of the leaves. Gaseous exchange of respiratory gases takes place through diffusion via stomata and reaches other cells of the leaves. Respiration in leaves occurs through stomata, the minute pores present in them. ![]() In contrast, at night, respiration is more evident since photosynthesis ceases.Įvery part of a plant, such as a root, stem, and leaf, carries out respiration as they do not possess any specialized organ for gaseous exchange. However, during the daytime, a negligible amount of carbon dioxide is released compared to the amount of oxygen produced during photosynthesis. Plants respire throughout day and night, therefore producing carbon dioxide 24 hours.
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